A new study conducted in Italy over the course of 9 years has found that elderly individuals who consume low sodium diets may be at a higher risk for mortality compared to elderly people who consume moderate to high levels of sodium. The study, which followed more than 1,200 people over the age of 65, found that individuals who consumed less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day were 33% more likely to die during the course of the study than those who consumed between 2,300 and 4,600 milligrams of sodium per day.

These findings, which were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, run counter to the common assumption that low-salt diets are always healthier. So why might low-salt diets be problematic for certain groups of people?

Several factors may come into play. For one, sodium is a key electrolyte in the body, and it helps to regulate blood pressure and other essential physiological processes. Older people who consume low sodium diets may be more susceptible to conditions like orthostatic hypotension, which occurs when blood pressure drops suddenly after standing up or sitting down for a prolonged period of time. This condition can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, and it may increase the risk of falls and fractures.

In addition, some research suggests that excessively low sodium diets can also lead to insulin resistance, which can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and other chronic conditions. Insulin resistance occurs when cells in the body become less responsive to the hormone insulin, which regulates glucose uptake and metabolism. While more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between salt intake and insulin resistance, some studies suggest that low salt diets may be associated with higher risks of the condition.

Of course, it’s important to note that excessive salt intake can also carry risks, particularly for people with underlying medical conditions like hypertension or heart disease. For these reasons, it’s vital that older people work with their healthcare providers and registered dietitians to develop individualized nutrition plans that consider a wide range of factors, including overall health status, physical activity levels, and personal preferences. In some cases, moderately higher salt intake may be appropriate for certain patients, while in others, lower salt diets may be advisable.

Ultimately, like many health issues, the relationship between sodium consumption and health is complex, and researchers continue to explore the many factors that can influence these connections. However, this new study provides an important addition to our understanding of how sodium consumption may affect older adults, and it highlights the importance of personalized nutrition planning and continuing research in this area.